What is a Psychiatrist?

Wondering what a psychiatrist is and what they do? You’re not alone. This field of medicine is often lumped into “someone who provides therapy” as a whole. The truth is that although there are several types of psychiatrists, they are all highly skilled and trained medical doctors. Their profession also differs vastly from other forms of mental healthcare providers. 

Psychiatry is a field of medicine where doctors train to diagnose and treat psychological disorders and other mental health conditions. Psychiatrists use a variety of diagnostic techniques when examining a patient. They’ll consider physical and mental health history and review symptoms related to behavior. They do all this in an effort to best determine a diagnosis and ultimately, decide on an appropriate course of treatment. 

Treatment plans designed by psychiatrists can include behavioral therapy, counseling or therapy, and often psychiatrist medication. A psychiatrist will refer patients to other mental health professionals, including counselors, psychologists, or rehabilitation therapists for psychological treatment.

“A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specialized in the assessment, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

What is a Neurologist?

Neurology is a specialty that trains physicians to treat neurological concerns related to diseases and conditions of the brain, spine, nervous system, and nerves. Neurologists can test patients for a variety of neurological conditions — they’ll attempt to figure out the root causes of any dysfunction of the nervous system and both diagnose and prescribe treatment for neurological conditions. 

Treatments typically include rehabilitation therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication. Depending on the diagnosis, a neurologist might suggest surgery. For very complex or severe nervous system disorders, neurologists often refer to and work with immunologists and/or rheumatologists. 

“A neurologist is a medical doctor specialized in the assessment, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of brain, spinal cord, and disorders of the nerves, muscles, sensory, motor, and neurological disorders.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

Conditions and Symptoms

The symptoms and conditions a patient is experiencing will determine which specialist they should see, although it’s not too uncommon for someone to need to see both types of doctors. Some types of neurological conditions will cause symptoms that a psychiatrist might address, and the opposite can be true, too. 

What conditions do psychiatrists treat?

Psychiatry is the practice of treating people who have a mental health condition that affects how they behave, think, and feel. 

Some of the conditions psychiatrists treat can include:

• Depressive disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Addiction
• Bipolar disorder
• Dissociation
• Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Feeding and eating disorders
• Mood swings
• Schizophrenia
• Emotional trauma
• Developmental disorders

“Psychiatrists treat various emotional and behavioral disorders like depression, anxiety, bipolar, ADHD, PTSD, etc.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

What conditions do neurologists treat?

While neurologists can address problems relating to any part of the nervous system, they primarily focus on the spine and brain. However, their specialty trains them to also treat pain, weakness, discomfort, or instability throughout the body. 

Some of the conditions neurologists treat can include:

• Migraine
• Spinal cord injury
• Sleep disorders
• Neuropathic pain
• Dementia
• Dizziness
• Vertigo
• Vision issues
• Shaking
• Epilepsy
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson’s disease
• Muscle weakness
• Brain damage
• Strokes 
• Seizures

“Neurologists treat epilepsy and seizures, spinal cord injuries, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

Symptoms that can be treated by both psychiatrists and neurologists 

There are times when someone would benefit from seeing both a psychiatrist and a neurologist. For example, a patient who suffers from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) — which can have a severe impact on how the brain works — may experience symptoms of depression or anxiety as a result of their injury. Thus, seeing a neurologist to address the trauma to the brain would make sense, and seeing a psychiatrist to treat the depression symptoms would also be wise. 

There are several other conditions and symptoms that might be treated by both doctors, including:

• Hallucinating
• Issues sleeping
• Extreme fatigue
• Memory issues
• Confusion 

“These include insomnia, sleep disorders, dementia, memory problems, and pain management. There is collaboration to manage certain disorders with comorbidity.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

Responsibilities

What is the difference between psychiatrist and neurologist roles? There are a number of overlapping responsibilities that would be common for both a neurologist and a psychiatrist to have. They both diagnose and treat patients, for example. They both provide consultations, prescribe medicine, and work with other members of a patient’s care team, too. 

However, there are several responsibilities that are distinct between the two fields. 

Psychiatrists’ responsibilities

Psychiatrists are responsible for meeting with patients to assess their mental functioning. During the process, they’ll ask about behaviors, moods, and emotions. They will utilize interviews, written assessments and personality tests, and other techniques that allow them to do a complete, comprehensive examination. 

Other responsibilities of a psychiatrist include:

• Creating treatment plans for symptom management
• Order blood testing for patients 
• Writing referrals for patients 
• Working with therapists and counselors to ensure proper treatment plans
• Keeping up with the latest medication and treatment research
• Monitoring a patient’s progress 

Neurologists’ responsibilities

Doctors of neurology are responsible for helping people who deal with any sort of symptom stemming from issues or conditions with the nervous system. This is a wide scope of possibilities that can include discomfort anywhere in the body since we have nerves everywhere in our body. They will evaluate patients during a consultation visit where they do a physical exam and ask about symptoms. 

Other responsibilities of a neurologist include:

• Conducting diagnostic brain, spine, and other scans like:
  • MRIs
  • MRAs
  • VNGs
  • EEGs
• Doing nerve function testing
• Reviewing testing results
• Writing prescriptions to address symptoms throughout the diagnostic process
• Writing prescriptions for treatment after diagnosis 
• Following up with a patient to monitor progress

Difference in Education

All medical doctors, at a minimum, will need to obtain a bachelor’s degree before applying to and attending medical school. The neurologist vs psychiatrist education track will be slightly different from each other, especially in terms of their training after school. 

Neurologists do a 4-year residency in their field, working and training with experienced, accomplished neurologists. During their residency, they’ll begin to practice in the specialty they have chosen. 

Psychiatrists, like neurologists, also do a 4-year residency and choose a specialty to focus on. The difference, however, is psychiatrists will work with other licensed psychiatrists for their training.

“It takes 10 to 12 years of training to specialize and become a psychiatrist or a neurologist. The path is intense and requires university studies, medical school, research, and completion of residency in psychiatry or neurology. Furthermore, there are additional years of specialty training in various specialties — for psychiatry it could be child and adolescent psychiatry, substance-abuse, geriatrics, and forensic psychiatry. For neurology, it could be child neurology, clinical neurophysiology, epilepsy, and neurocritical care.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

Finding a Psychiatrist with Talkspace

Finding the right doctor to work with can be daunting. Finding the right psychiatrist to work with can be even more difficult. Understanding the answer to the question what is the difference between psychiatrist and neurologist is the first step. 

To have a successful relationship with any sort of mental health professional, you must feel very comfortable opening up and expressing your deepest innermost thoughts. Talkspace can make this simple, especially on your first visit, which can be overwhelming for many people. Our experienced, trained, compassionate psychiatrists work tirelessly with patients to ensure they make the most progress in their treatment plans.

Reach out today to learn how working with a psychiatrist at Talkspace can be the first step you take in changing your life. We’ve streamlined the process to be simple and convenient. Our online therapy platform means getting the help you need is easier than ever. Don’t wait to find a psychiatrist — you deserve help. 

Sources:

1. Eske J. What is a neurologist? What they treat, procedures, and more. Medicalnewstoday.com. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326717. Published 2022. Accessed June 8, 2022.

 2. What is Psychiatry?. American Psychiatric Association. https://psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-psychiatry. Published 2022. Accessed June 8, 2022.

Addiction Psychiatry

An addiction psychiatrist specializes in diagnosing and treating individuals with substance abuse and addiction issues. They work with people who have substance, behavior, or impulse-related addictions. They’re also trained to treat the many mental health conditions that often accompany  addiction (most commonly depression and anxiety). While most people associate “addiction” with alcohol and drugs, addiction psychiatrists are also trained to treat sex, gambling, food, shopping, internet, and any other addiction. 

Treatment for addiction will include examining the underlying root causes from where a specific addiction is stemming. It helps people learn to identify, process, and manage the reasons why they might be dealing with addiction. 

Psychiatrists trained in addiction can also prescribe medication if someone experiences withdrawals or if they need help managing their coexisting mental health conditions.

“An addiction psychiatrist has an additional training specialization fellowship in substance abuse disorders. They treat patients with conditions of drug, alcohol abuse, or other addiction problems that can complicate the primary diagnosis of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir.

Adolescent and Child Psychiatry

As the name implies, an adolescent and child psychiatrist deals with mental health conditions  that affect teens and children. While extremely severe mental health conditions are rarer in children, the need for mental healthcare for today’s youth is great. 

Research shows that at least 20% of children and adolescents 9 – 17 years old are living with a diagnosable mental health condition that causes some form of mild impairment, and 10% have a condition that results in significant impairment. 

Nearly 50% of serious adult mental health conditions begin by the time someone is 14, and we know that early intervention is a key predictor in reducing symptom frequency and severity. 

Child psychiatrists usually limit their practice to those aged 18 years and younger. This specialization can be challenging, as many medications commonly used to treat symptoms of some disorders in adults are not approved for use with children. Common conditions in children include mood, anxiety, behavior, and attention disorders. 

“A child and adolescent psychiatrist has additional training, research, and fellowship in child mental health disorders and behaviors, learning the early developmental challenges and different disease states. A child psychiatrist has specialized skills to take care of mental health problems in young children as well as address family conflict and issues.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir

Forensic Psychiatry

Forensic psychiatrists specialize in criminal cases and courtroom matters involving mental health issues. This type of psychiatrist can also work with inmates of correctional facilities and testify in courtroom cases. 

A forensic psychiatrist might evaluate a suspect to determine if they’re competent to stand trial. They can also assist law enforcement in working up a suspect profile to aid in an arrest or to support prosecution.

“A forensic psychiatrist has additional training and fellowship to address the legal implications of mental health disorders addressing the challenges of the legal system for a person or a family with mental health challenges.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Dr. Muhammad Munir.

Geriatric Psychiatry

A geriatric psychiatrist specializes in mental health issues in older people, generally defined as those aged 60 and older. This type of psychiatrist often works with people who’ve been diagnosed with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.  

A primary function of geriatric psychiatry to help prevent, evaluate, and diagnose emotional and mental conditions in elderly patients. They help prevent cognitive decline as people age, and they commonly treat mental health conditions  like chronic depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions that might relate to chronic illness or aging.

Neuropsychiatry

A neuropsychiatrist deals with mental illnesses and disorders that have resulted from brain injuries and/or diseases of the brain and nervous system. They have in-depth training in how the brain itself, and brain issues, can contribute to mental health conditions. The difference between a neurologist and psychologist is one deals with physiological and the other with psychological disorders.

This type of psychiatrist offers the types of specialized treatment people with brain-related mental health conditions need. Neuropsychiatrists can also treat people with conditions that stem from brain development, such as autism, ADHD, and Tourette’s syndrome (TS).

Occupational Psychiatry (or Organizational Psychiatry)

Occupational psychiatry (also known as organizational psychiatry) deals with grief, stress, and mental challenges found in the workplace. This subspecialty of psychiatry focuses on organizational and workplace behavior, and how vital  a mentally-healthy environment is for both the people at an organization and the organization itself, too. 

Often, these types of psychiatrists work in industries with many risks, such as law enforcement. Occupational psychiatrists can help companies create policies and procedures to promote good mental health. They can also assist in training management on policies that promote positive mental health for employees.

Psychosomatic Medicine

This relatively new field of psychiatry explores the relationship between psychiatric care and other fields, such as traditional medicine, sociology, psychology, and behavioral science. Also known as consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine seeks to improve a patient’s quality of life by treating related mental and physical ailments and complaints. 

Many physical conditions, such as stress, are believed to have a mental component or cause. Examples of psychosomatic disorders or conditions can include stress that causes migraines, impotence, ulcers, or respiratory ailments. Psychosomatic medicine blends the lines of traditional medicine and psychiatry. C-L psychiatry can involve diagnosing, therapy, and research. 

Finding the Right Psychiatrist for You

Knowing the different types of psychiatrists is essential to finding the right doctor to best help you with your mental health. 

To find a psychiatrist in the right field, you can start with your primary care physician. They can likely recommend a mental health professional with expertise in the area of psychiatry that best applies to you.

You can also search for online therapy and support groups that offer recommendations for specific types of psychiatrists in your area. The most important thing to understand is that help is out there for any mental health condition you’re dealing with, and you deserve to find it. 

Sources:

1. Mental Illness. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness#part_2539. Published 2022. Accessed June 6, 2022.

2. Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents. Acog.org. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/07/mental-health-disorders-in-adolescents. Published 2017. Accessed June 6, 2022.

3. Kessler R, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas K, Walters E. Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15939837/. Accessed June 6, 2022.

Tip 3: Avoid Self-Diagnosis

It doesn’t matter if you researched and think you’ve determined the name of the condition that’s affecting you. Even though it may be tempting, this can be a dangerous practice. You’re free to take a mental health test to better understand your symptoms but be cautious of declaring yourself as someone with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder unless you have a real diagnosis.

“Don’t judge yourself — we all have our share of struggles and issues at certain points of our life.”

Talkspace psychiatrist Muhammad Munir, MD, DFAPA

In order to get the most from your appointment, it’s important to let the psychiatrist lead the process. They’re trying to assess your condition so they can create the best treatment plan possible for you. For now, give the psychiatrist the opportunity to diagnose you, as they were trained to make these assessments.

Maybe you’ll continue therapy beyond your first psychiatric appointment, and if so, you might bring up the conditions you’ve self-diagnosed then. For now, slow down and try to be patient. Talking to a psychiatrist is the best way you can get the medication and treatment you need.

Tip 4: Don’t Expect Miracles

Healing takes time. Your psychiatrist may not get the perfect treatment plan in place the first time you see them. Together, however, you can find a plan that works. 

Be open to the idea that you’ll need to be patient while the process works. You may need to change medications or begin talk therapy sessions with a psychologist or therapist before you start seeing a difference in how you think, feel, and act. It’s not always easy, and psychiatrists aren’t miracle workers, but together, you can find a plan that’s as effective as possible in treating your condition. 

One important caveat: If the first appointment with your new psychiatrist doesn’t resonate with you, then you may want to consider finding someone else.  

Find a doctor who you can be yourself around and feel comfortable with. It’s true you may not see results on day 1, but you should feel like you’re talking to a psychiatrist you can relate to and trust. If that’s not there, and you don’t see yourself getting there, then you might need to think about finding someone else. You want someone who’ll listen to you, especially when you get to the point that you’re discussing how your medication is working in the future. 

Tip 5: Trust the Process

Your psychiatrist is going to become a trusted confidant to your innermost secrets, feelings, and emotions. They need to be someone you can trust and open up to completely without reservation. 

When you work with the right person, you’ll find that (albeit sometimes slowly), you’ll make progress. Trust the process, and trust in your doctor’s ability. You’re doing difficult work — honor that dedication by being patient with yourself and knowing that your efforts, and your treatment plan, will pay off. 

“It’s not easy, it’s not fast, but you will get better and overcome the struggles.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Muhammad Munir, MD, DFAPA

Learning how to talk to a psychiatrist is important if you’re getting ready to start on your journey towards healing. You’re brave, confident, and have already taken the first huge step — making the appointment. Now, you’re ready to get there. You’ve got this.  

What Does a Psychiatrist Do?

Psychiatrists are similar to other physicians in the medical world in that they’re able to order tests for diagnostic purposes and perform physical exams on their patients.

A psychiatrist or online psychiatrist might be an independent provider, or they may be part of an entire mental health team. Teams consist of social workers, primary care physicians, psychiatric nurses, and occupational therapists in addition to the psychiatrist.

Psychiatrists use the American Psychiatric Association (APA’s) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to direct their diagnoses and treatment plans. They also utilize standardized psychological tests to help them determine the best route for mental health care. 

What Can a Psychiatrist Help With?

To fully understand what do psychiatrists do, you need to first know what they can help patients with. Psychiatrists first assess symptoms and diagnose mental health conditions. Then, once diagnosed, they can treat a number of mental health conditions through various methods of medication and therapy. 

Some psychiatrists also use different forms of talk therapy like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy. However, a good portion of psychiatrists focus primarily on diagnosis and medication management, so make sure to clarify with your psychiatrist on whether they offer talk therapy. If they do not provide talk therapy,  they might then refer someone to a therapist for ongoing psychotherapy treatment. If you’re having second thoughts on how to open up to your specialist, read our guide on how to talk to a psychiatrist. 

Psychiatrists can diagnose and help manage conditions including: 

Anxiety 

When treating anxiety, a psychiatrist may prescribe a medication for anxiety like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or suggest talk therapy, or encourage patients to do both. 

Bipolar disorder

Psychiatrists can help somebody with bipolar disorder address the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors they have as a result of a bipolar disorder diagnosis. Psychiatrists prescribe medications to help manage the symptoms of bipolar disorder. 

Eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia

Psychiatric support in treating eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia can be beneficial. Ultimately, the treatment plan depends on the type of eating disorder that needs to be dealt with, but generally a combination of therapy, nutrition education, and potentially medication can be most effective.

Depression

Psychiatrists can work with patients who have depression to offer therapy and prescribe antidepressants and other medication for depression as needed.

Hallucinations

Certain psychiatric conditions might result in hallucinations. A psychiatrist can offer treatment to manage hallucinations. Treatment often includes psychiatric medication.

Insomnia or other sleeping issues

If you’re struggling with insomnia or have any other sleep issues, a psychiatrist can help you through behavioral therapy or counseling, as well as in some cases, medication. Psychiatrists will also be able to identify any other mental health conditions they find that could potentially be contributing to your sleep issues.

Addiction to alcohol, drugs, gambling, or other behaviors

Psychiatrists can help people who struggle with addiction. One who specializes in alcohol and drug addiction will generally have a subspecialty training that covered addiction and substance abuse treatment options.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be effectively treated by a psychiatrist who’s trained to offer coping techniques and management tools. They also might decide to prescribe psychiatric medication.

Suicidal thoughts

Psychiatrists know how to intervene if someone is having suicidal thoughts. They can determine the severity of someone’s mental state and decide the best course of action to help keep them safe from acting on their suicidal ideation.

Self-harm

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is something psychiatrists can address through evaluation and treatment.

Violent outbursts

Psychiatrists can help people who have violent outbursts by using various forms of therapy, including psychodynamic therapy, which is an approach that teaches people how to use self-reflection to better understand the root of their anger or outbursts.

Obsessive thoughts

Psychiatrists can help people who experience obsessive thoughts by focusing on changing behaviors and thought patterns.

Feeling agitated or unable to calm down

Using techniques that help reduce stress or calm someone down are effective ways that psychiatrists help people who constantly feel agitated.

Negative thought patterns

Psychiatrists are trained to help their patients identify negative thought patterns so they can stop them before they become intrusive.

Inability to concentrate

For those with an inability to concentrate, certain techniques can be taught by a psychiatrist to allow their patients to maintain focus and improve concentration. 

Body image issues

A psychiatrist can use an assessment to first determine where the negative body image is coming from and how it developed. Then they might use a form of therapy known as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help address the issue. CBT helps people identify and then reverse negative self talk that can result in their body image issues. 

Hyperactivity

For somebody with hyperactivity issues or who’s been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychiatrists might prescribe medication, offer psychotherapy treatments, or suggest both.

Delusional thinking

Psychiatrists working with patients who share delusions need to address those experiences carefully and respond in a way that won’t cause their patient to become defensive.  

Memory problems

A psychiatrist can perform memory evaluations and then treat any psychiatric problems or symptoms related to things that cause memory problems such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Severe stress

To treat severe stress, psychiatrists will work with patients to create a treatment and management plan. Included in the psychological treatment for stress might be medication, therapy, and therapy procedures like electroconvulsive therapy. 

Psychiatrist Tools & Approaches

Psychiatrists are extremely well trained and skilled at managing and helping their patients. They have a multitude of strategies, techniques, and approaches they can apply to mental health conditions.

Procedures

Psychiatrists work between the two worlds of neurology and psychology. Neurology is the study of the nervous system and brain. Psychology, on the other hand, is the study of how the mind and behaviors work together.

Psychiatrist assess their patients mental health conditions and symptoms by:

• Evaluating how their symptoms fit into their life history, family history, or outside events that have affected them.
• Assessing how physical trauma, a disease, or substance use has impacted their behavior and/or mental state.

Mental health examination

Mental status examinations (MSE) are one way a psychiatrist conducts a clinical assessment on a patient. They evaluate through observation how a person’s psychological function is performing in terms of: 

• Behavior
• Attitude
• Judgment
• Cognition
• Mood
• Perception
• Thought processes 

“The most important and common tools for psychiatrists are interviewing and mental status examinations.”

Talkspace Psychiatrist Muhammad Munir, MD

A number of psychological tests are used to interpret symptoms and determine how severe conditions are. The DSM-5 is regularly used by psychiatrists to figure out if symptoms meet any diagnostic criteria for a specific mental health condition. 

Tests can include:

• Anxiety test
• Depression test
• Eating disorder test
• Personality disorder test
• Mood disorder tests
• Psychosis test

Diagnosis

Differential diagnoses are made to rule out other possible causes before a mental health condition diagnosis is made. Psychiatrists use several biomedical tests, including:

• Physical examinations
• Brain imaging studies
• Electroencephalograms (EEG)
• Blood tests
• Drug screenings
• STD screenings

Medication

Medication is often a component in a psychiatrist’s care. Psychiatrists are very well-trained in how drugs work and how they function in the body. Some common medication psychiatrists tend to use include:

• Antipsychotics
• Antidepressants
• Anxiolytics
• Depressants
• Stimulants
• Mood stabilizers

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy can be used to enhance both the diagnosis and treatment of many mental health conditions. During psychotherapy sessions, patients will be encouraged to discuss their feelings and problems, look at their behaviors and thoughts, and focus on relationships.

Psychiatrists want to help people solve the problems in their life through the exploration of behaviors, past experiences, thought patterns, and both internal and external influences that might be contributing to the stress they’re facing.

It is important to note that not all psychiatrists offer in-depth psychotherapy. Many specialize in the diagnosis of mental health conditions and medication management. Make sure to clarify with your psychiatrist on what they offer at their practice.

Additional treatments

In addition to the above forms of treatment and approaches, psychiatrist may also utilize:

• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) — delivering currents to the brain.
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) — implanting electric probes to stimulate specific areas of the brain.
• Psychosurgery — surgical techniques used to cut off circuits in the brain.

Types of Psychiatrists

Psychiatrists can choose from several subspecialties that would allow them to focus on a specific aspect of psychiatry. Some of them include:

• Addiction psychiatry: Deals with substance abuse and addiction
• Geriatric psychiatry: Focuses on psychiatric or mental health issues in the elderly
• Adolescent or child psychiatry: Deals primarily with child or adolescent psychiatry
• Forensic psychiatry: Assesses and treats offenders in secure hospitals or prisons
• Occupational psychiatry: Using a psychiatric knowledge to help with day today processes in functions in the workplace 
• Neuropsychiatry: Deals with mental and emotional disturbances in people who have disordered brain function
• Psychosomatic medicine: Relatively new sub-specialty dealing with complex diagnoses and treatment for psychiatric disorders that are worsened by a patient’s emotional state

Sources:

When it comes to insurance, premiums, medical bills, and anything else that’s healthcare-related, many people feel confused and overwhelmed. While yes, things can be convoluted and confusing, most of the time you just need a quick, simple, and easy-to-understand explanation to make sense of it all. This is true when it comes to the idea behind a Superbill, too. If you’ve heard the term, but you still find yourself asking what is a Superbill, keep reading. 

We’re explaining what a Superbill is, how it works with your insurance plan, and how you can submit one if you’re looking to be reimbursed for out-of-pocket costs to on-site or online therapy or psychiatry. Are you a therapist or psychiatrist who needs help creating a Superbill? We’ll look at that, too. 

Read on for the ultimate guide to Superbills. 

Superbill Definition

A Superbill definition is simple to understand. Superbills are essentially just receipts for therapy or other healthcare services you get from an out-of-network therapist, psychiatrist, counselor, or doctor. Therapy and psychiatry Superbills are created so you can submit an official receipt of your qualified expenses to your health insurance company for reimbursement. Once the insurance company receives your Superbill, they’ll determine how much, if any, the money you’re entitled to. 

How do Superbills work?

Superbills can also be referred to as a claim form, fee ticket, encounter ticket, invoice, receipt, or statement of service. They differ from normal claims because of how they’re handled by insurance companies. 

Normally, a therapist or psychiatrist would submit a claim to an insurance company, which would then pay them directly for their services. With a Superbill, however, you’re paid by your insurance company as reimbursement for services you’ve already paid to the therapist or psychiatrist. Most often, you would have paid them at the time of your appointment in order to protect the therapist or psychiatrist and guarantee that they’re compensated. 

If an insurance company gets a Superbill, they generally assume the health care provider has been paid and that the amount submitted on the Superbill should be paid out to you. 

For specific information regarding Superbills for Talkspace services, refer to this article.

Why are Superbills used for therapy and psychiatry?

Sometimes therapists and psychiatrists want to use Superbills because the process can be quicker and easier than becoming an in-network provider. Of course, actually being on an insurance provider panel can be great — it allows therapists and psychiatrists to be more accessible to those who have insurance or to those who can’t afford to pay out-of-pocket for therapy or psychiatry. 

“Superbills can be a great way to be fully or partially reimbursed for the cost of your out-of-pocket therapy and psychiatry expenses. Therapy can often be a luxury reserved for those with the privilege to afford it; however, the option of using a superbill can truly make therapy completely affordable to all.”

Talkspace Therapist Ashley Ertel, LCSW, BCD, CDBT

The process to get on an insurer’s provider panel isn’t always as easy as it could be. It can take a long time, and it can be complicated. Especially if there are multiple insurers in the area. Each provider panel requires a separate and individual application. Superbills let therapists and psychiatrists take insurance from patients even if they’re not on a preferred provider in-network list. 

Superbills can be an effective option for therapists and psychiatrists who: 

• Are busy and don’t have time to get on a provider panel
• Don’t have any interest in joining a panel
• Haven’t been accepted to a provider panel yet
• Don’t want to join every provider panel
• Would like to be on multiple panels, but don’t have the resources or time to join them all

What’s Included in a Superbill?

A Superbill receipt (also known as a statement) will have a few key pieces of information, including:

• Date or dates of service or services 
• Fee for services
• Information about the therapist, psychiatrist, or practice
• Information about the person receiving treatment
• A formal CPT code or codes — based on the American Medical Association code; used to identify and treat medical procedures and illnesses
• A diagnosis code or codes — ICD-10 code; DX
• Information about a referring doctor (if any) 
• Total amount billed 
• The therapist’s or psychiatrist’s

How to interpret one as a client

If you’re getting a Superbill from your therapist or psychiatrist, there’s some important patient information that needs to be included. All the above must be present, along with specific demographic information that your therapist may or may not have about you. 

Keep in mind, if they don’t take insurance, a therapist or psychiatrist might not have all the necessary patient information from you to completely fill out the Superbill. Make sure that your Superbill has your first and last name, address, phone number, date of birth, and ICD-10 code.

If you need a Superbill from your therapist or psychiatrist, know that many don’t openly offer them. It’s perfectly fine for you to request one, though. Once you have the Superbill and you’ve verified all the information is there, you can easily submit it to your insurance. It is important to note that a Superbill does not guarantee reimbursement from your insurance company. Reimbursement depends on several factors, including your insurance provider policies.

“Medical documentation can sometimes feel overwhelming. Think of your superbill as a receipt for the services you have paid for. It will include the dates of your sessions along with the billing codes and the price paid. It will also include contact information for your therapist or psychiatrist in case the insurance company has additional questions.”

Talkspace Therapist Ashley Ertel, LCSW, BCD, CDBT

How to make one as a therapist or psychiatrist

Once you understand the Superbill definition, making one for a client isn’t hard. You can find software that makes the process incredibly simple. If you go this route, be sure that the software’s designed with privacy protection safeguards in place. Any name brand, good quality software will do this, but it’s something to be aware of when you’re looking. 

You can also make your own Superbill template easily. To create this document for insurers, you just need to list some detailed, specific information about the services you’ve provided. You will want to include some or all the following information.

Information about you and your services:

• Your first and last name
• Your business name
• Your mailing address and other contact information (email and phone number)
• Your Employer Identification Number (EIN) or Federal Tax ID Number
• Your license number authorizing you to practice in your state
• Your signature

Information about your client:

• Your client’s first and last name
• Your client’s date of birth
• The diagnosis code (ICD-10 Code)

Information about the services:

• Date of service
• The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) to accurately describe services — note the codes for psychological services can be different
• A detailed description of services
• Charges for services
• The Place of Service Code — commonly used codes for therapists are:
  • 2 (telehealth)
  • 11 (office)
  • 12 (home)

Note some of the following additional tips:

• You might also include details about diagnoses
• You’ll likely need to submit individual Superbills for each session
• Be sure you’re issuing ICD-10 Superbills using the latest versions of diagnostic codes

Does Insurance Cover Superbills? 

Either you or your provider might submit a Superbill. Regardless of who does so, the insurer will remit payment to the client. They’ll assume that it’s for reimbursement of services you’ve already paid. Your insurer will verify any healthcare benefits you have to determine any amount that’s due. 

Your insurance will consider the following:

• If you have a copayment: If you have a copayment due for mental health care services, the reimbursement will be factored by subtracting whatever that amount is from the total amount you paid your therapist or psychiatrist.
• If you have any deductible: Any deductibles need to be met before reimbursements are made. After the deductible amount is surpassed, your insurance will begin to reimburse you for additional payments.
• How timely the Superbill was filed: Insurance companies allot a certain timeframe for Superbills to be turned in. If you submit a Superbill past that deadline (for example, it could be 90 days after the date of service), your healthcare claim will be denied. 

How to Submit a Superbill

To submit a Superbill, you need to understand the specific requirements set forth by your insurance company. You should call your insurer directly to verify your benefits and submit the Superbill. To contact your insurance, check the back of your membership card and look for the number listed for “Member Services” or “Members.”

Frist, you’ll want to verify:

• What your out-of-network insurance benefits for therapy are
• How you should submit your Superbill
• That the insurance company has your home address — this is very important if you’ll be receiving a check for your reimbursement

Next, you should ask: 

• Do you need pre-authorization?
• Do you have a co-payment?
• Do you have a deductible? If so, what is it?
• How much have you earned toward your deductible this year?
• Do you have co-insurance?
• How long do you have to meet the “timely filing” window?
• What is the proper fax number and/or mailing address to submit the Superbill?
• Does the insurance company have a portal you can use to electronically submit Superbills? If so, how can you gain access to it? You might need an invite.

*NOTE: You may want to review the above questions with your insurance provider before you have your first appointment so you’ll be able to estimate what your therapy will cost you. 

To submit the Superbill:

You might be able to submit your Superbill in the following ways:

1. Fax the Superbill with a cover letter to your insurance company
2. Mail the Superbill to your insurance company
3. Upload the Superbill to the insurance company’s portal

“For my clients who have been able to utilize a superbill for reimbursement, it was as simple as faxing the required documentation to their insurance company for reimbursement. The first step is to call your insurance provider to determine how they would like to receive the superbill and if they have any additional requirements.”

Talkspace Therapist Ashley Ertel, LCSW, BCD, CDBT

With the help of a Superbill, you may be able to more affordably start getting the therapy you need and start seeing a therapist or psychiatrist who can help you change your life for the better. If you’re looking for online therapy that takes insurance, get connected at Talkspace and check your eligibility today.

Sources:

1. Are You a Covered Entity? | CMS. Cms.gov. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Administrative-Simplification/HIPAA-ACA/AreYouaCoveredEntity. Published 2021. Accessed December 4, 2021.

2. ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines For Coding And Reporting FY 2020. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; 2020. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/Downloads/2020-Coding-Guidelines.pdf.  Published 2020. Accessed December 4, 2021.

3. CPT – CPT Codes – Current Procedural Terminology – AAPC. Aapc.com. https://www.aapc.com/resources/medical-coding/cpt.aspx. Published 2021. Accessed December 6, 2021.

Types of Medications Used to Treat ADHD

There are several ADHD medications you might consider. We’re taking a look at the more common ones in depth in the following ADHD medication list. 

Stimulants (long-acting/extended-release)

Long-acting/extended-release stimulants have been used to treat ADHD for decades. They’re the most commonly prescribed medication to treat ADHD in children, and they’re actually the most well-researched ADHD drug for both children and adults. 

Stimulants can help you focus your thoughts while ignoring external distractions. They can be used to treat moderate to severe ADHD, and they work for an estimated 70 to 80% of people who try them. They’re effective because they slowly and gradually increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels and activity in your brain. Since they’re “long-acting” they take effect and wear off slowly through the day which can help reduce major side effects. 

Stimulants are known to be effective for a wide range of ages, including children, adolescents, teens, and adults. Within the class of stimulants, there are two types of ADHD medications: methylphenidate and amphetamine salts. Extended-release stimulants are most often taken once a day in the morning. 

Types of methylphenidate long-acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Ritalin-SR
• Focalin XR
• Concerta
• Daytrana
• Methylin-ER
• Metadate CD
• Ritalin-LA
• QuilliChew-ER
• Quillivant XR
• Aptensio-XR

Types of amphetamine long-acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Adderall-XR
• Adzenys XR ODT
• Azstarys
• Vyvanse
• Evekeo
• Adderall-XR
• Dyanavel-XR

Possible side effects of long acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Irritability 
• Social withdrawal
• Anxiety
• Sleeping issues
• Rebound effect
• Tics or uncontrollable muscle movement
• Minor growth delay 
• The FDA has concerns that both amphetamine and methylphenidate stimulants might make psychiatric and heart problems more likely

Stimulants (short-acting/immediate release)

Short-acting stimulants are taken typically every four hours when needed. Like long-acting stimulants, short-acting/immediate-release stimulants also target a neurotransmitter called dopamine. This brain chemical helps control emotional responses and movement while also playing a major role in motivation. 

Types of methylphenidate short-acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Ritalin
• Focalin
• Methylin Oral Solution
• Methylin

Types of amphetamine short-acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Dexedrine  
• Adderall 
• ProCentra Oral Solution 
• Evekeo
• Zenzedi

Possible side effects of short-acting stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Sleeping issues
• Irritability 
• Tics

Non-stimulants

As an alternative to stimulant medications used for ADHD treatment, non-stimulant medications are also an option. These typically take longer to begin working after the dose adjustment , and the full effect of the medication may not be felt or seen for several weeks. 

On the positive side, however, non-stimulants typically don’t cause as many sleep issues or agitation. Nor do some of them result in a lack of appetite, which can be important in younger children. Non-stimulants are also used in conjunction with stimulants as the treatment plan by your psychiatrist. Finally, non-stimulants don’t have the same risk of addiction or abuse as some other medications used for ADHD do. 

Non-stimulant ADHD medication boosts levels of norepinephrine in the brain. Increasing norepinephrine helps with emotional stability and executive functioning. People who take certain non-stimulants to treat their ADHD may be able to begin and finish tasks more quickly and efficiently with an increased attention span. They also may find a significant decrease in impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity.

Types of non stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Atomoxetine
• Clonidine ER
• Guanfacine ER
• Intuniv
• Kapvay
• Strattera
• Tenex
• Viloxazine
• Qelbree

Possible side effects of non stimulants to treat ADHD:

• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Upset stomach
• Mood swings
• Loss of appetite (in certain medications)
• Dry mouth
• Vomiting
• Dizziness

Antidepressants

Sometimes antidepressants can be used off-label to treat ADHD. Using a drug off-label means it’s used by doctors even though it hasn’t officially been approved by the FDA for use with a specific medical or mental health condition. 

In 2005, the FDA added a black box label about an apparent link between a higher risk of suicide in adults who use depression medication for ADHD. This risk seems to be increased in the first 1 – 2 months of use.

Certain antidepressant drugs, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion, or venlafaxine have been found potentially effective in treating ADHD. Sometimes these are used in combination with other ADHD medications for comorbid depression and anxiety with ADHD symptoms

Antidepressants are similar to stimulants in that they help raise levels of certain chemicals in the brain like norepinephrine and dopamine. These two chemicals, when increased, can help improve attention span in those who have ADHD. They are also helpful in reducing impulsivity, hyperactivity, and aggression.

Types of antidepressants to treat ADHD:

• Wellbutrin

Possible side effects of antidepressants to treat ADHD:

• Dry mouth
• Weight loss
• Low blood pressure
• Tremors
• Drowsiness
• Blurred vision
• Upset stomach

*NOTE: According to the Cleveland Clinic, side effects can differ based on the type of antidepressant drug you’re taking for your ADHD. Some meds may cause a rapid heart rate while others can cause anxiety and headaches. It’s important to let your doctor know about any side effects you’re feeling if you begin taking an antidepressant ADHD medication.

Medications Commonly Prescribed for ADHD

You have many options for medication to treat your ADHD. Finding the right medication can take some time. Understand that often, a multimodal treatment (a combination of treatments) is the most effective option for many people who have ADHD.

Be patient, talk to your doctor, and know that taking enough time to figure out the right medication, dosage, and schedule can really pay off in the end.

Name Brand	Generic	Type	Description
Strattera	Atomoxetine	Non stimulant	A cognitive-enhancing medication that treats symptoms of ADHD.
Intuniv ER	Guanfacine	Non stimulant	Thought to affect receptors in parts of the brain that can strengthen working memory and reduce distraction. Also seems to improve impulse control and attention.
Tenex	Guanfacine hydrochloride tablets	Non stimulant	Off-label use for ADHD treatment. Can be used alone or with a stimulant.
Ritalin	Methylphenidate hcl	Short acting methylphenidate	Changes the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain to treat ADHD.
Methylin	Methylphenidate hcl	Short acting methylphenidate	Central nervous system stimulant used primarily to treat ADHD.
Ritalin-SR	Methylphenidate hcl	Longer acting methylphenidate	Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.
QuilliChew-ER	Methylphenidate hydrochloride	Longer acting methylphenidate	Central nervous system stimulant prescription ADHD medication.
Aptensio-XR	Methylphenidate hydrochloride	Longer acting methylphenidate	Treats symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. Can be used alone or with other medications.
Adderall	Dextroamphetamine mixed salts	Short acting amphetamine	Central nervous system stimulant used to treat the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulse control. Can be used alone or with other medications.
Zenzedi	Dextroamphetamine sulfate	Short acting amphetamine	Prescription medicine that can be used alone or with other medication to treat symptoms of ADHD.
Adderall-XR	Dextroamphetamine mixed salts	Longer acting amphetamine	Stimulant that’s used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
Dyanavel-XR	Amphetamine extended-release	Longer acting amphetamine	Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that treats ADHD. Can help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity.
Wellbutrin	Bupropion hcl	Antidepressant	Not first-line medication for ADHD but can be helpful in treating symptoms in some people.
Tofranil	Imipramine	Antidepressant	Useful in treating additional symptoms of depression or anxiety that are common in those who have ADHD.

Talk to your psychiatrist or healthcare professional about the possible risks and benefits associated with the above medications before starting any treatment.

How to Get ADHD Medication

If you’re thinking about starting any child or adult ADHD medication, it’s important to talk to your doctor or psychiatrists first. Learning as much as you can about a potential medication and its side effects can enhance the likelihood that your treatment will be both effective and productive.

Your doctor may prescribe one or more types of ADHD medication. In order to start treatment, you should follow the steps below:

1. Get diagnosed
   If you don’t already have an ADHD diagnosis, you’ll need a detailed assessment by a qualified doctor or provider. ADHD assessments might include a physical examination, a series of interviews, and other feedback.
2. Begin therapy or treatment
   The most effective form of treatment for most people with ADHD is a multimodal treatment plan — consider combining therapy with your ADHD medication. 
3. Discuss your options for medication
   Learn about the different types of ADHD medication available. 
4. Talk to a psychiatrist
   A psychiatrist can prescribe the right ADHD medication. 

Talkspace does not provide controlled substances to treat ADHD. Find our list of prescribed medications here.

Should You Treat ADHD with Medication? 

Whether or not you treat your ADHD with medication is a personal decision. There’s no right or wrong answer, and only through doing research and talking with your psychiatrist and prescriber can you make the best decision for you or your loved one. Understanding the pros and cons of medications can help you make your decision.

Take all the side effects into consideration and be sure to ask your prescriber about anything you want clarification or are unsure about.

Questions to ask your prescriber:

• Should I consider medication to treat ADHD?
  Only you can decide if the pros outweigh the cons when it comes to taking medication for ADHD. After reviewing all the side effects, it should be easier to determine if any of the medications used for ADHD are worth trying.  
• What are the possible side effects of this medication?
  It’s so important to fully understand the side effects of ADHD medication. This can help you make the best decision in terms of if or which type of medication you might find the most beneficial.
• Are there any other treatments I should be considering?
  Keep in mind that medication alone isn’t always the most effective way to treat ADHD. Most often, a multimodal treatment approach — where a combination of medication, therapy, and other forms of treatment is applied — is going to produce the best results in managing ADHD.  
• Should I consider treatment in conjunction with this medication?
  The same treatment techniques will not be right for everyone’s ADHD. It’s important to consider all the options you have when coming up with your treatment plan. 
• Are there any holistic or self-help techniques I can try?
  There are multiple self-help techniques and non-medication options that might help improve your ADHD symptoms.  
• Should I consider therapy in addition to medication?
  When used together, therapy and medication have been found very effective in treating symptoms of ADHD.
• Are there any other conditions going on that could be contributing to my ADHD?
  Because ADHD commonly occurs with other mental health conditions and disorders, it offers extra challenges during the diagnosis and treatment phase. It’s common to have additional learning disorders, depression, or anxiety along with ADHD. The National Resource Center on ADHD states that more than 66% of people who have ADHD also have at least one other mental health condition. 

Sources: 

1. What is ADHD?. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html. Published 2021. Accessed October 15, 2021.

2. Parekh, M.D., M.P.H. R. What Is ADHD?. Psychiatry.org. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd. Published 2017. Accessed October 15, 2021.

3. Harstad, MD, MPH E. ADHD Medications for Children | Understood – For learning and thinking differences. Understood.org. https://www.understood.org/articles/en/types-of-adhd-medications. Accessed October 15, 2021.

4. Faraone, Ph.D. S. ADHD and the Risk for Suicide | APSARD. Apsard.org. https://apsard.org/adhd-and-the-risk-for-suicide/. Published 2020. Accessed October 15, 2021.

5. Popper CW. Antidepressants in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 14:14-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9418743/

6. Other Concerns and Conditions with ADHD | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/conditions.html. Accessed October 15, 2021.

7. ADHD And Coexisting Disorders. Lanham: National Resource Center on ADHD: A Program of CHADD; 2015:1-3. https://chadd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/coexisting.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2021.

8. McCain, J. A. (2009, July). Antidepressants and suicide in adolescents and adults: A public health experiment with unintended consequences? P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management. Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2799109/.  Accessed November 3.

9. ADHD medications: Strattera, antidepressants & more. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/12959-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-nonstimulant-therapy-strattera–other-adhd-drugs. Accessed November 3, 2021. Accessed November 3.

10. Shen, Y., Chan, B. S. M., Huang, C., Cui, X., Liu, J., Lu, J., Patel, M., Verrico, C. D., Luo, X., & Zhang, X. Y. (2021, May 18). Suicidal behaviors and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A cross-sectional study among Chinese medical college students. BMC Psychiatry. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-021-03247-6. Accessed November 3.